Page 58 - Volume 2,Issue 2, July 2009

© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Insecticide toxicity on coccinellids 105
dae). Biological Control, 34, 108-114.
Hodek, I. and Honek, A. 1996. Ecology of Coc- 8.
cinellidae, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 480 p.
Honek, A. 1985. Habitat preferences of aphi- 9.
dophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera). Ento-
mophaga , 30: 253-264.
Iperti, G. 1999. Biodiversity of predaceous coc- 10.
cinellidae in relation to bioindication and eco-
nomic importance. Agricultural, Ecosystems and
Environments, 74: 323-342.
James, D.G. 2003. Pesticide Susceptibility of Two 11.
Coccinellids (Stethorus punctum picipes and Har-
monia axyridis) Important in Biological Control
of Mites and Aphids in Washington Hops. Bio-
control Science and Technology, 13: 253-259.
Katsoyannos, P., Kontodimas, D. and Stathas, G. 12.
2005. Summer diapause and winter quiescence
of Hippodamia ( Semiadalia) undecimnotata (Co-
leoptera: Coccinellidae) in central Greece. Euro-
pean Journal of Entomology , 102: 453-457.
Kavallieratos, N.G., Athanassiou, C.G., To- 13.
manovic, Z., Papadopoulos, G.D. and Vayias, B.J.
2004. Seasonal abundance and effects of preda-
tors (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and parasitoids
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) on
Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) densi-
ties on tobacco: a two-year study from central
Greece. Biologia Bratislava, 59: 613-619.
Khan, I., Din, S., Khalil, S.K. and Rafi, M.A. 2007. 14.
Survey of predatory Coccinellids (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) in the Chitral District, Pakistan.
6pp. Journal of Insect Science, 7:07. available on-
line: insectscience.org/7.07.
Lucas, É., Giroux, S., Demougreot, S., Duch- 15.
esne, R-M. and Coderre, D. 2004. Compatibili-
ty of natural enemy, Coleomegillamaculata lengi
(Col., Coccinellidae) and four insecticides used
against the Colorado potato beetle (Col., Chry-
somelidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128:
233-239.
Obrycki, J.J., Orr, D.B., Orr, C.J., Wallendorf, M. 16.
and Flanders, R.V. 1993. Comparative develop-
ment and reproductive biology of three popu-
lations of Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata (Co-
leoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Control, 3:
27-33.
Olszak, R.W. 1999. Influence of some pesticides 17.
on mortality and fecundity of the aphidopha-
gous coccinellid Adalia bipunctata L. (Col., Coc-
cinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 123:
41-45.
Plapp, F.W. and Bull, D.C. 1978. Toxicity and se- 18.
lectivity of some insecticides to Chrysopa car-
nea , a predator of the tobacco budworm. Envi-
ronmental Entomology, 7: 431-434.
Rajakwlendran, S.V. and Plapp, F.W. 1982. Com- 19.
parative toxicity of five synthetic pyrethroids to
the tobacco budworn, an ichneumonid parasite
Overall, all the tested insecticides were
highly toxic to all three coccinellids and the
toxic effects remained the same even when
the coccinellids came into contact with res-
idues 8 days after the application of the in-
secticides on plant foliage. However, the
exposure techniques under laboratory con-
ditions may not be representative of the
predator exposure to insecticides under
field conditions and consequently, the ac-
tual mortality in the field may be different
than that obtained under laboratory condi-
tions (11). Nevertheless, laboratory evalua-
tion of insecticide toxicity against beneficial
insects may be a relatively good indicator of
the possible effects these insecticides might
have to beneficials at field level. Thus, it can
be concluded that the insecticides tested in
this study may have significant toxic effects
against these three coccinellid predators
and, therefore, may not be compatible with
IPM strategies.
Literature Cited
Aslan, M.M. and Uygun, N. 2005. The Aphidoph- 1.
agus coccinellid (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
species in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Turkish Jour-
nal of Zoology, 29: 1-8.
Bozsik, A. 2006. Susceptibility of adult 2. Coccinel-
la septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
to insecticides with different modes of action.
Pest Management Science, 62: 651-654.
Broadley, R.H. 1983. Toxicity of Insecticides to 3.
Coccinella repanda Thunberg and Harmonia oc-
tomaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinelli-
dae). Queensland Journal of Agricultural Animal
Science, 40: 125-127.
Croft, B.A. 1990. Arthropod Biological Control 4.
Agents and Pesticides. New York: John Wiley
and Sons, 723p.
Dixon, A.F.G. 2000. Insect Predator-Prey Dy- 5.
namics: Ladybirds and Biological Control, Cam-
bridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 279 p.
Freier, B., Triltsch, H., Mowes, M. and Moll, E. 6.
2007. The potential of predators in natural con-
trol of aphids in wheat: Results of a ten-year
field study in two German landscapes. BioCon-
trol, 52: 775-788.
Galvan, T.L., Koch, R.L. and Hutchison, W.D. 2005. 7.
Effects of spinosad and indoxacarb on survival,
development and reproduction of the multicol-
ored Asian lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinelli-