© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Karajeh
40
In addition, as documented by Noweer and
Hasabo (2005), a commercial product of
S.
cerevisiae
significantly reduced the number
of
M. incognita
second-stage juveniles in soil
and root galling in squash under field condi-
tions of Egypt, when applied at the rate of 5
g/plant. Furthermore, the yeast was gener-
ally more effective at 10 than 5g/l rate in re-
ducing
M. javanica
infection and reproduc-
tion on cucumber and promoting its growth
(Karajeh, 2013). The suppressing effect of
the yeast on
M. javanica
may be due to the
ability of the fungus
to convert carbohy-
drates to ethyl alcohol and CO
2
that are toxic
to nematodes (Noweer and Hasabo, 2005).
Furthermore,
S. cerevisiae
has been effective
against soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi,
i.e. Rhizoctonia solani
,
Sclerotium rolfsii
,
Mac-
rophomina phaseolina
and
Fusarium solani
(Attyia and Youssry, 2001), and has also ef-
fectively controlled
F. oxysporum
, the caus-
al agent of sugar beet damping-off (Shalaby
and El-Nady, 2008).
On the other hand, the yeast treatment
was able to improve growth and increase
fruit yield of tomato cv. Asala when applied
at the same rate (10g/l). Furthermore,
S. cer-
evisiae
was able to promote growth of sug-
ar beet (Shalaby and El-Nady, 2008), squash
yield (Noweer and Hasabo, 2005), cucumber
growth and yield (Karajeh, 2012) and growth
and yield of Egyptian henbane,
Hyoscyamus
muticus,
infected with
M. incognita
(Youssef
and Soliman, 1997).
The yeast was able to increase plant re-
sistance of tomato cv. Asala to
M. javani-
ca
infection through increasing its root to-
tal phenolic content similarly to exogenous
H
2
O
2
application. The mechanism behind
the biocontrol activity of
S. cerevisiae
may
also include nutrient and site competition
and induced resistance and/or make physi-
cal and chemical soil properties unfavorable
for plant pathogens (Ahmed
et al.
, 1972;
Alam
et al
., 1977; Sitaramaiah and Singh,
1978; Noweer and Hasabo, 2005).
In conclusion, the application of the
yeast
S. cerevisiae
could suppress the infec-
tion and population of
M. javanica
on toma-
to cv. Asala and increase its resistance and
improve tomato root growth and yield un-
der field conditions.
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