© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Toxicity of essential oils against
Tribolium confusum
33
Table 3.
Fumigant toxicity of
Thuja orientalis
essential oil to larvae, pupae, and adults of
Tri-
bolium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope ± SE
LC
50
2
95% CL
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (240)
2.0 ± 0.3
20.8
17.0 - 26.2
2
0.2
25-day-old (360)
5.5 ± 0.6
99.2
74.7 - 140.0
4
27.1
3
31-day-old (300)
7.0 ± 0.7
96.0
90.8 - 102.5
3
2.6
Pupae
Females (480)
4.3 ± 0.8
66.9
57.5 - 94.6
6
18.9
3
Males (480)
8.5 ± 0.9
52.0
46.5 - 64.2
6
39.6
3
Adults 10-day-old
Females (300)
13.6 ± 1.4
64.6
55.1 - 88.7
3
19.3
3
Males (300)
12.4 ± 1.4
54.3
52.4 - 57.0
3
3.2
Adults 60-day-old
Females (240)
9.7 ± 1.1
73.6
70.5 - 76.8
2
4.7
Males (360)
10.0 ± 1.0
53.6
49.7 - 60.7
4
10.6
3
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Since the goodness-of-fit test is significant (P<0.1), a heterogeneity factor is used in the calculation of confidence
limits (CL).
Table 4.
Fumigant toxicity of
Citrus sinensis
essential oil to larvae, pupae and adults of
Tribo-
lium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope ± SE
LC
50
2
95% CL
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (240)
2.0 ± 0.3
19.0
12.3 – 35.6
2
8.8
3
25-day-old (240)
13.0 ± 1.7
104.5
100.4 - 108.0
2
5.9
31-day-old (300)
4.3 ± 0.5
79.6
45.1 - 105.5
3 11.2
3
Pupae
Females (300)
7.8 ± 0.8
42.3
26.8 - 54.9
3 18.1
3
Males (240)
3.5 ± 0.8
39.4
35.3 - 45.0
2
2.8
Adults 10-day-old
Females (320)
18.0 ± 2.2
33.1
30.3 - 38.8
3 12.6
3
Males (240)
20.8 ± 2.4
30.8
22.5 - 36.0
2
6.8
Adults 60-day-old
Females (240)
10.3 ± 1.2
29.2
28.0 - 30.5
2
2.13
Males (360)
16.6 ± 1.7
27.8
26.2 - 30.3
4 14.7
3
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Since the goodness-of-fit test is significant (P<0.1), a heterogeneity factor is used in the calculation of confidence
limits (CL).
1...,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,...52