Page 38 - Volume 4, Issue 2, July 2011

© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Thiram Bioaccumulation in Mytilus galloprovincialis 67
potency of the tested chemical, the mussel
species used and possibly the lower sensitiv-
ity in our experiments (staurosporine posi-
tive control also caused less than 16% apop-
totic cells). An apoptotic mode of action, as
this recorded here for Mytilus galloprovincia-
lis gill and digestive glands, has been shown
in a variety of animal models for thiram. Dis-
arrangement of redox related mechanisms
and disintegration of important thiol-con-
taining proteins eventually led to apoptot-
ic cell death in the V79 CHC cells (22). Thiram
has also caused apoptosis in avian lympho-
cytes (4), in bovine capillary endothelial cells
(30) and in PC12 cells, the latter due to mas-
sive Ca2+ intracellular influx (24).
Overall, a simple and convenient ana-
lytical method for the determination of the
concentration of thiram in mussel samples
revealed that M. galloprovincialis may ac-
cumulate this fungicide in a dose-depen-
dent way. This accumulation elicited dose-
and tissue-related SSB and it also caused
increased 8-oxo-dG levels (in all tissues)
and % apoptotic cells (in gill and digestive
gland). The two last parameters have also in-
creased in a number of in vivo mammalian
models. It is possible that a common mech-
anism (reduction, depletion or disintegra-
tion of important thiol-containing proteins)
is implicated in both mammalian and non-
mammalian thiram toxicity.
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