© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
La Torre
et al.
20
strategies should be adopted, which should
be determined on the basis of the real risk of
disease in the vineyard (20, 15). When downy
mildew infection is low-intermediate, chem-
ical control should include copper-alter-
natives and the use of copper compounds
should be avoided. In this way the organ-
ic growers can economize on copper com-
pounds under moderate infection pressure
and to apply copper, using new improved
copper formulations developed by agro-
chemical companies in order to help lower
the total amount of copper, when
P. viticola
pressure is high. This approach has less of an
environmental impact and is in accordance
with EU restrictions on copper use.
This study was conducted within the project
“Protezione della Vite e delle Sementi in Agri-
coltura Biologica” funded by the Italian Minis-
try of Agriculture and Forestry.
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