Page 10 - Volume 5, Issue 2, July 2012

© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Skandalis et al. 38
Effector nomenclature in parenthesis refers to their original names. Table depicts effector suppression function in different hosts tested, original avirulence phenotypes to certainhost cultivars (mentioned first) and new avirulence functions found. Abbreviations mentioned in effector function correspond to plant resistance proteins and proteins relatedto plant defense signaling. HR: Hypersensitive response. PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular pattern. JA: Jasmonic acid. P.s.:
Pseudomonas syringae
pathovars; t: tomato; ph:
phaseolicola
; ma:
maculicola
; pi:
pisi
gl:
glycinea
. P.c.al.:
Pseudomonas cannabina
pv.
alisalensis.
v: Suppression functionx: No suppression function*: Ability to suppress Bax-induced killing of Yeasta: HopAO1 in Arabidopsis suppresses callose deposition elicited by the Pst DC3000 hrpA mutant, and allows the normally non-pathogenic hrpA mutant to multiply within the leaf
tissue. HopAO1 also suppresses resistance to Pst DC3000 induced by flg22, a PAMP. However, HopAO1 does not suppress the HR triggered by several classical avirulence genes
b: I. Challenge HR electrolyte leakage, II. Vascular dye accumulation, III. Suppression of hypersensitive response (HR)Table Adapted from:1.
Mol. Plant Micr. Interact.,
17: 1328–1336, 2004.
Pseudomonas
Type III Effector AvrPto Suppresses the Programmed Cell Death Induced by Two Non-host Pathogens in
Nicotiana
benthamiana
and Tomato.
2.
The Plant Journal,
37: 554-565, 2004. Identification of
Pseudomonas syringae
type III effectors that can suppress programmed cell death in plants and yeast.
3.
Plant Journal,
44: 348-359, 2005. Basal resistance against bacteria in
Nicotiana benthamiana
leaves is accompanied by reduced vascular staining and suppressed by multiple
Pseudomonas syringae
type III secretion system effector proteins.
4.
The EMBO Journal,
22: 60-69, 2003.
Pseudomonas
type III effector AvrPtoB induces plant disease susceptibility by inhibition of host programmed cell death.
5.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA,
96: 10875-10880, 1999. Identification of a pathogenicity island, which contains genes for virulence and avirulence, on a large native plasmid in the
bean pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
pathovar
phaseolicola
.
6.
EMBO J.,
19: 3204-3214, 2000. Cultivar-specific avirulence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
phaseolicola
, the cause of bean halo-blight
disease.
7.
Mol. Microbiology,
49: 377–387, 2003. The
Pseudomonas syringae
type III-secreted protein HopPtoD2 possesses protein tyrosine phosphatise activity and suppresses
programmed cell death in plants.
8.
Journal of General Plant Pathology,
72: 3, 2006. Hypersensitive response suppression by type III effectors of plant pathogenic bacteria.
9.
Annu. Rev. Microbiol.,
60: 425-449, 2006. Subterfuge and Manipulation: Type III Effector Proteins of Phytopathogenic Bacteria.
10.
Cell,
21: 749-759, 2005. Two
Pseudomonas syringae
type III effectors inhibit IN4-regulated basal defence in Arabidopsis.
11.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
102: 6496-6501, 2005. The
Pseudomonas syringae
effector AvrRpt2 cleaves its C-terminally acylated target, RIN4, from Arabidopsis membranes to
block RPM1 activation.
12.
Microbiology,
145: 135-141, 1999. A dispensable region of the chromosome which is associated with an avirulence gene in
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
pisi
.
13.
Plant J.,
37: 589-602, 2004. Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by
Pseudomonas syringae
type III effectors and coronatine.
14.
PNAS,
102: 12990-12995, 2005. Flagellin induces innate immunity in non-host interactions that is suppressed by
Pseudomonas syringae
effectors.
15.
Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.,
7: 601-11, 2006. Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
16.
Curr. Opin Microbiol.,
14: 39–46, 2011. Plant targets for
Pseudomonas syringae
type III effectors: virulence targets or guarded decoys?
17.
Plant Physiol.,
150: 41733-49, 2009. Comparative large-scale analysis of interactions between several crop species and the effector repertoires from multiple pathovars of
Pseudomonas
and
Ralstonia
.
18.
Trends Microbiol.,
20: 199-208, 2012.
Pseudomonas syringae
type III effector repertoires: last words in endless arguments.